Ecology Blogs

North Carolina's coastal plain sits at the northern edge of the Southeast's feral hog range, where pocosin peatlands, Carolina bays, and the Albemarle-Pamlico estuary meet an expanding invasive population. It is a case study in what an early-stage invasion looks like -- and what a narrowing window to stop it might still accomplish.

In the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta, feral hogs work soybean fields, rice levees, and shrinking bottomland hardwood remnants along the Louisiana black bear's recolonization corridor. Two hundred miles south, the same species roots through longleaf pine restoration plots and listed-species habitat on DeSoto National Forest. One state, two invasions, one management arithmetic.

From the rice levees of Vermilion Parish to the fraying marsh edges of Cameron Parish, feral hogs occupy the seam between farmland and wetland. Their rooting threatens both a rice economy that feeds millions of wintering waterfowl and a coastline already losing ground to the Gulf.

The Atchafalaya Basin is the largest bottomland hardwood swamp left in North America, and one of the most feral-hog-saturated landscapes in the country. Here, dense cover and near-impossible access have turned a management problem into something closer to a permanent ecological condition.

Across the pine plantations and peanut fields of Telfair and Berrien Counties, feral hogs are rooting through the same wiregrass understory that decades of prescribed fire and habitat investment built for wild bobwhite quail. Here is how the invasion intersects with Georgia's private-lands quail tradition.

Behind the Mississippi barrier islands lies a sheltered inland sea, the Mississippi Sound, and behind that, the redfish-rich Biloxi Marsh on the Louisiana line. With the free-flowing Pascagoula River, they make one of the most productive, least-marketed inshore fisheries on the Gulf. This report walks the coast: the barrier-island estuary, the trout and redfish, the largest unimpounded river east of the Rockies, and the operators between Mobile and the marsh.

In Georgia's lower Coastal Plain, the wild hog has reached one of North America's great wetlands: the Okefenokee, a vast rain-fed peat swamp, and the blackwater rivers around it. This synthesis follows the hog onto the swamp's tree islands, into its alligator nests, and down the bottomland corridors: what rooting does to the peat, the alligators, and the swamp's rare wildlife, and why a federal Wilderness is such hard ground to defend.

Louisiana's coastal marsh is the working heart of the Sportsman's Paradise — roughly three million acres of estuary that grows world-class redfish and winters more ducks than anywhere in North America, even as it dissolves into the Gulf. This field report walks the disappearing marsh: the estuary behind the redfish and trout, the land-loss crisis and restoration fight (including the cancelled Mid-Barataria diversion), the flyway ducks, and the operators who work it.

On Florida's north-central public lands, the wild hog meets a paradox: the Ocala and Osceola national forests and surrounding state lands hold the large, contiguous habitat imperiled wildlife needs, yet open access and limits on lethal control make hogs harder to remove than on private ground. This synthesis follows the hog across the Big Scrub, the longleaf flatwoods, and the springs, and asks why fighting it on public land is so hard.

In the cattle country west of Lake Okeechobee, in the very headwaters of the Everglades, Florida carries one of the densest feral-hog populations in the nation, second only to Texas. This synthesis follows the wild hog into the Central Ranch Belt: how rooting degrades the dry-prairie wetlands that feed Lake Okeechobee, how it threatens imperiled prairie wildlife from the sandhill crane to the crested caracara, and how the hog sits at a disease fence line with a major cattle i

Off Cape Hatteras the warm Gulf Stream peels away from the continent and collides with cold water sliding down from the north — and that collision, plus the great estuary behind the islands, stacks billfish, red drum, and false albacore onto one thin ribbon of barrier sand. This field report walks the Outer Banks: the current confluence and the short run to blue water, the largest lagoon on the East Coast, the surf and the sounds, the season-by-season fishery, and the fleet t

At the head of Mobile Bay sits America's Amazon — the Mobile-Tensaw Delta, the second-largest river delta in the country, where six rivers braid through 260,000 acres of swamp into a shallow, brackish bay. That estuary feeds one of the richest inshore fisheries on the Gulf and stages the jubilee, the dawn low-oxygen event that drives flounder and crab to the shallows. This field report walks the delta, the bay, the jubilee, and the inshore fishery — plus the operators who wor

In the Arkansas Delta, an invasive land mammal is colliding with a continental migratory-bird resource. The Grand Prairie around Stuttgart, the Mississippi Flyway's premier duck-wintering ground, runs on rice and managed moist-soil wetlands, and feral hogs root up both. This covers that collision: how rooting destroys the waterfowl food base the refuges cultivate, the cost to farmers, and why Arkansas, still on the invasion's leading edge, may be one of the few places it can

Between Kentucky Lake and Lake Barkley runs a 40-mile federal peninsula — 170,000 acres of Forest Service land that anchors the deer, turkey, waterfowl, and bass of western Kentucky. This field report walks Land Between the Lakes: the two impoundments and the canal that joins them, the enclosed elk and bison herd, the public-land hunting, the famous Kentucky Lake and Barkley crappie and bass, and the Mississippi Flyway ducks.

The Alabama Wiregrass is the front line of the Southeast's most important habitat-restoration effort, rebuilding the longleaf pine savanna, and feral hogs are its single most damaging enemy. This synthesis follows the wild hog into the Wiregrass longleaf country along the Florida line: how rooting destroys grass-stage seedlings and the slow-growing wiregrass, how hogs threaten the keystone gopher tortoise, and why a population that crosses the state line defeats single-state

Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge is a closed north Alabama sanctuary that does something unusual: by holding tens of thousands of ducks and one of the East's biggest sandhill crane flocks, it pushes birds onto the surrounding Tennessee River country. This report walks the refuge-and-reservoir interface: the sanctuary effect and its spillover hunting, the bass of Guntersville, Wheeler, Wilson, and Pickwick, the crane spectacle, and the Sipsey Fork trout.

The same rich soil that made the Alabama Black Belt the antebellum cotton kingdom now feeds one of the densest wild hog invasions in the South, and the vast Mobile-Tensaw Delta gives the hogs a near-impenetrable refuge. This synthesis applies the invasion-biology lens to one landscape: why the Black Belt's chalk-soil farmland and river bottoms are so vulnerable, how the delta's swamp defeats control, and what the hogs do to the forests, the cane, the mast, and the native wild

The Atchafalaya is the largest river-swamp in North America — 1.4 million acres of cypress, bottomland hardwood, and moving water where the Mississippi is forever trying to change course. This Louisiana field report walks the pulse-driven floodplain: the Old River Control Structure holding the river in place, the spring flood that grows the crawfish, the summer drawdown that stacks the bass, the fall low water that stages the ducks, and the Cajun guide economy that works it a